Angiotensin 1-9 and 1-7 Release in Human Heart

Angiotensin 1-9 and 1-7 release in human heart: role of cathepsin A.

Human heart tissue enzymes cleave angiotensin (Ang) I to release Ang 1-9, Ang II, or Ang 1-7. In atrial homogenate preparations, cathepsin A (deamidase) is responsible for 65% of the liberated Ang 1-9. Ang 1-7 was released (88% to 100%) by a metallopeptidase, as established with peptidase inhibitors. Ang II was liberated to about equal degrees by ACE and chymase-type enzymes. Cathepsin A's pres...

1 Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 ) and angiotensin - ( 1 - 9 ) : function in cardiac and vascular remodeling

Novel players in cardioprotection: Insulin like growth factor-1, angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9).

Insulin-like growth factor-1, angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9) have been proposed to be important mediators in cardioprotection. A large body of evidence indicates that insulin like growth factor-1 has pleotropic actions in the heart (i.e., contractility, metabolism, hypertrophy, autophagy, senescence and cell death) and, conversely, its deficiency is associated with impaired cardiac fun...

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Angiotensins and the heart: is angiotensin-(1-7) cardioprotective?

L eft ventricular hypertrophy is the most common cardiac complication of hypertension. Although the initial adaptations associated with cardiac hypertrophy are compensatory, ultimately abnormal ventricular function including diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation) and often heart failure may develop. 1 Activation of the renin–angiotensin system and its main effector peptide angiotensin II (...